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Three Use Case Examples for SQL Subqueries

There are many great tutorials on syntax, performance, and keywords for invoking subqueries. However, I wish to discover a tip highlighting selected SQL subquery use cases. Please briefly describe three SQL subquery use case examples. For each use case, cover how a subquery interacts with outer queries and the T-SQL for implementing the use case. Review excerpts from each example to show the value of implementing the use case.

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Question of the Day

The LAGging NULL

I have this data in a SQL Server 2022 table:

player         yearid team HR
Alex Rodriguez 2012   NYY  18
Alex Rodriguez 2013   NYY  7
Alex Rodriguez 2014   NYY  NULL
Alex Rodriguez 2015   NYY  12
Alex Rodriguez 2016   NYY  9
If I run this code, what are the results returned in the hrgrowth column?
SELECT
  player
, yearid
, hr
, hr - LAG (hr, 1, 0) IGNORE NULLS OVER (ORDER BY yearid) AS hrgrowth
FROM dbo.playerstats;

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