Take a look at Kerberos Configuration Manager for SQL Server. It can report configurations and identify potential problems with SPNs and delegation. Even generate scripts.

I would probably use

SELECT GETDATE() AT TIME ZONE '<Full name of time zone>';

SSDT for Visual Studio 2017 15.9.0 added back the support for SQL Server 2012.

Release notes

As brilliant as simple. Thank you for sharing.

Excellent. Thanks. This will save me from trouble in the future.

SQL Server Management Studio 17.3 added support for Read-Only Routing:

I've run into to this issue of AppDomain is marked for unload and it also involved execution of CLR assemblies. I tried to increase server memory and the 'max server...

By the attached logs I see you're running SQL Server 2005 on Windows Server 2003 (R2). Is it on old hardware too? Maybe that's the problem?

The system and...

That doesn't look good. You didn't mention the cluster. I'm definitely no cluster expert, so I can't tell from the attached logs if the cluster has communication problems or SQL...

I don't think the memory pressure is the cause of the restart. Your error log says:

2017-12-06 23:59:38.81 spid5s  SQL Server is terminating in response to a 'stop' request from...

Very useful. Now I don't have to keep track of the time offset.