Are any of the database files on Server A offline?

This query will show you the status of the database files.

select name,

state_desc

FROM sys.database_files

Yes, you will need to restore from a backup that does not contain these errors otherwise you will continue to see the error after restoring.

CHECKDB is encountering a severe error that is preventing it from completing. You may be able to get the actual error by running DBCC CHECKCATALOG but I suggest you...

With a remote distributor the subscription can be configured as either push or pull. For high availability of replication you wouldn't want the publisher acting as its own distributor....

Yes as long at the principal is still sending changes and the mirror is applying changes their status will say "synchronized".

This link explains the mirroring states. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189284.aspx

What is the status of the mirror database, does it say mirror disconnected?

You will need to re-setup mirroring from scratch. Restore the database and transaction logs to the mirror with NORECOVERY then setup mirroring under the mirroring tab of the database...

Good question Wayne learned something about XML Column_Set.

The log reader agent will not read past transactions that have not been hardened on the mirror. Enabling trace flag 1448 will allow the server to continue delivering replicated...

Thanks Lynn, that certainly is good to know.

Thanks Ron, easy one but worth remembering.

Not the stored procedures for the publication but the stored procedures that are being used for the table inserts. Highlight the article in the articles window of the publication...

You can change the name of the stored procedure in the properties for the publication. Once you have the properties of the publication open select that article and change...

What protocols do you have enabled under network configuration?

Good question, luckily read the question twice before answering.