SQL data files could in theory gain from 64K cluster size, since SQL often writes data in 64K chunks.

SQL log files are different, so 32K should be just fine for...

If you issued an UPDATE against an empty table, the UPDATE counter would still increment.

Maybe that's what happened?

(1) more RAM (if you have only 300GB for SQL Server)

(2) do you (page) compress the data?

The @p_iType is declared in the called proc as a parameter.

Correct.  How would SQL ever know you've deleted the backup file?  It doesn't know, shouldn't know and shouldn't care.

I don't use maintenance plans (I'm a DBA, we use scripts), but...

Yes, that's it, that's all that's required.   The full could have been a month (or whatever) ago for all SQL cares.  It's up to you to keep any backups you...

3.  SQL doesn't "know" you've deleted the backup file.  Otherwise you could use it as a base.  SQL will assume, reasonably enough, that if you take a full backup and...

1 NO

2 It isn't.  Multiple types of file can be sent a single physical file in SQL Server backups.

3 Look for the last full ('D') backup immediately preceding the 'I'...

Only do ONLINE rebuild if you really need it.  It has additional overhead and is often not quite as efficient as packing data rows.

Data (page) compression is a great tool...

I suggest not working with partial days.  Therefore, I suggest changing the first query to:

SELECT * FROM dbo.SQL_SOURCE WHERE Mod_Date >= CAST(CAST(Getdate() AS date) AS datetime) -5

I think there should be an explicit "NO REPLACE" option, but MS doesn't have it.

Instead, you can check for the db exiting before you issue the RESTORE DATABASE command:

IF EXIST(SELECT...

SELECT
UserGroup.[Name]As GroupName,
UserGroup.[Description]As GroupDescription,
Domain
FROM [dbo].[UserGroup]
CROSS APPLY (
SELECT NULLIF(CHARINDEX('(', Name), 0) AS start_of_substring, 
    ISNULL(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(')', Name), 0), LEN(Name) + 1) AS end_of_substring
) AS ca1
CROSS APPLY (
SELECT...

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS #data;
CREATE TABLE #data ( string varchar(8000) NULL );
INSERT INTO #data VALUES( 'Domain Administrators (abc.domain.com) Group Members'), 
    ('Engineering Supervisors (xyz.domain.com)...

Do you mean "sysadmin" (vs. "dbadmin").  SQL is very selective about who can see jobs.  If you didn't create the job and aren't sysadmin, you don't typically see the job. ...

SELECT ColumnA

FROM dbo.your_table

GROUP BY ColumnA

HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT ColumnB) = (SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ColumnB) FROM dbo.your_table)

ORDER BY ColumnA