Very good script .

have you tried storing the date value in the table then converting it to correct datatype ?

try specifying the database prefix in the sql query

you might have to run Repair of SQL Server instance, make sure you perform databases Backups before repairing

try this

EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1

RECONFIGURE

GO

EXEC sp_configure 'Agent XPs', 1

RECONFIGURE

GO

Under what service account does the Agent try to start?

on your Server Server Agent connection Properties, do you have Alias local host server defined there ?

if yes remove it leave...

post the error you get when you register it

Have you tried Manually Register Sqlncli.dll Using Microsoft Register Server ?

try something

SELECT DATENAME(month, GETDATE()) AS 'Month Name', Value From MyTable

The account and credentials you provided for the SQL Server Agent service are invalid. try using the default services account configuration during the SQL Server setup and update services account...

try to use IF NOT EXISTS when doing your insert

Nice Post .

is it advisable to have a recursive CTE on a large tables holding dates ?

Post the errors you getting when installing the SP

Take a Full backup of the database then perform transaction log backups.

run the code below will help identifying what causes the log to be big

select log_reuse_wait_desc from sys.databases where...

Since you don't have backup , try to repair...