http://www.sqlservercentral.com/blogs/denniss-sql-blog-1/2016/01/08/trace-flag-3226-suppress-all-successful-backups-in-sql-server-error-log/

Nothing wrong with the code you posted. Error must be somewhere else.

You're missing a comma.

CREATE TABLE employeeMasterFile (
  Vendor varchar(30) NOT NULL,
  Address varchar(30),
  City varchar(20),
  Email varchar(30),
  State char(2),

Correct, the constraint is between the two columns, it applies to the table Medicaments

Let me repeat something I said earlier:
Other than default and not null, constraints are...

You're getting confused with the 'table constraint' and column constraint'. Other than default and not null, constraints are objects applied to the table. There aren't two types of check constraints....

For 2008, this works without change: https://www.simple-talk.com/sql/performance/finding-the-causes-of-poor-performance-in-sql-server-part-1/

Yes

You don't. SQLDW is a hosted database, you have no control at all of anything outside of the database. The details of the server, server config, hardware is managed for...

Uninstall. Reinstall

It'll work fine with the encrpyted procs, but you really need to be moving to something newer. 2008 is out of support, has been for a while now. Yell at...

There's no formal definitions of any of those. Ask the developers of the specific system you're working with what the various columns contain.

DBCC IND and DBCC PAGE (and google will get you the syntax and details). They're undocumented commands