always output and visually compare on hex on these cases where it looks the same
(change 500 below as required to hold the content of the fields)

SELECT EmplID

Steve,

As far as I can see its not Luhn 10 checksum but rather processing the numbers at the bottom of a printed cheque/check - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition

the regex...

I would say your only option is to use a CLR to do it. 
https://www.google.ie/search?q=clr+regex+c%23&oq=regex+clr&aqs=chrome.2.69i57j0l5.5556j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 will give you some examples

or eventually R https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/4748/sql-server-2016-regular-expressions-with-the-r-language/

That is not a local drive then - it is a cluster resource which is not what this thread is all about

Being on the NAS may be the problem - drive should be local, not networked.
This probably should be added as a disk through VM for it to work outside...

Tom what is the SQL version you are using?

I am sorry but not much you can do without them fixing the extraction of the data.

Lets analyze the sample you gave us - which I trully...

Is that really the content of the file? if so it is a piece of crap data really.

ADV ,A_DAT ,A_TIM ,P_tit ,S_Tit
"SOCLEAN INC","5/16/2018","14:39:44",""Z-QUNICY,"DR K 60...

Take in consideration what Steve and Sue said and look at better/correct ways of doing your process.

However just as a possible rewrite of what you have you can...

on the counts replace the "else 0" with "else null"
e.g change
COUNT(distinct (CASE WHEN obranome LIKE 'C%' AND etotaldeb <> 0 THEN obrano ELSE 0 END)
to
COUNT(distinct (CASE...

If referring to PowerBI Report Server then any will do - but be careful with licensing - either you have a Enterprise edition with SA (and you can then install...

instead of presenting 8 vcpu with 1 core each present less vcpu with more cores. that will sort the licensing limit

you may be able to - but being a DMZ you probably should not anyway.

have a look at https://www.experts-exchange.com/questions/25053526/Passing-user-credentials-from-a-trusted-domain-through-SPN-and-Delegation.html. this contains other links that may help you...