Take in consideration that the Express limit is per database - you can have 100 databases all with 10 GB each.

Depending on your application you may be able...

Most likely the issue is on the application side and how the data is being split/processed.
Adding to the fact that you said you could not do parallel processing this...

Yes.

Just copy the packages or the ispac file to a location that your scheduler software (or SQL Server Agent user) has access to and then use the command...

on your catch block output the error exception (and inner exception if any) to your log file and see exactly what the error is.

One thing that is likely...

have  you tried setting Delayed Durability? just to see the impact - and permanent setting if it improves and the DB can leave with it on (or at least the...

install SQL Server 2017 express and make sure the path for its executables is on your path variable

select convert(decimal(10,2), replace(replace('"6,789.01"', '"', ''), ',',''))
would do the trick - but if using SSIS or other tools those sometimes handle that on their own without any...

Can't people read manuals anymore? it is quite clear what you need to do on it.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/tools/bcp-utility?view=sql-server-2017

Yes the process will need additional space - original index/table + the new one - new one can be build on tempdb or on the destination db itself.
Log file...

From your latest posts on the forum it looks like you are trying to learn to use sql server - as part of that learning process your most important task...