Assuming you don't want the overall total that WITH ROLLUP would give you.

Select
 EmpID,
 Yr,
 Sum(Sales)
From @Table
Group By Grouping Sets ((EmpID,Yr),(EmpID))
Having Grouping_ID(EmpId,...

I'm not sure there is a generalised ideal solution to the problem, but there probably some general rules you could apply. Any party with an odd number of members needs...

If you actually want the name/number combos to retain some sort of sequencing you have to resort to some fairly horrible code to work around the limitations of XPath...

For an ad-hoc query, you can just use a table or table variable:

Where and how are you getting the data to insert? It's likely it's being truncated somewhere before you actually insert it.

But 2018-03 is both a fixed width and entirely unambiguous and yet completely devoid of absolutely every single issue that 2018-03-00 suffers from. The SQL standard can completely bypass the...

If you want it as an output format, fine but 99% of non programmers won't have a clue what it means. As an input format, for the same reason, it...

Do something like this:

With UnpivotRows As
(
Select
    … maths goes here...
From …
Cross Join
(
    Select 0 As YearsAgo, @DateFrom as DateFrom,...

If it were me, I'd have wanted to run some pretty extensive load testing on it before getting that close to launch so that I was aware of how much...

Make the original query a derived table and then calculate the percentages from that, i.e. something like:

SELECT
  ClaimType,
  Submitted,
  ApprovedPaid,
  Declined,
 ...

String_Split won't work in this case because it provides no guarantees about the order of rows, so it will happily split 3/4 into 3 and 4 but your can't tell...

Declare @Inches Table
(
 TextVersion Varchar(10)
)

Are all users connecting to the same SQL Server? Are they all running queries in the same database? If not, are all databases at the latest compatibility level?