Why an index isn't being used

  • Hi,

    As I'm new to SQL Server with Oracle background, I've been trying to understand how to optimize a SELECT statment with indexes.

    Basically my question is:

    in order to make SQL Server use an index for a SELECT statment, should the CREATE INDEX command have the

    column list used in the SELECT statement included in its INCLUDE keyword?

    Following the what I tested:

    -- the select to optimize is:

    SELECT ORDER_TOTAL

    FROM SA.ORDERS

    WHERE ORDER_DATE BETWEEN GETDATE()-60 AND GETDATE()

    -- first, the following index created:

    CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_ORDER_DATE]

    ON [SA].[ORDERS] ([ORDER_DATE])

    -- the execution plan showed the index wasn't used

    -- secondly: the index re-created using the following code:

    CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_ORDER_DATE]

    ON [SA].[ORDERS] ([ORDER_DATE])

    INCLUDE ([ORDER_ID],[ORDER_MODE],[CUSTOMER_ID],[ORDER_STATUS],[ORDER_TOTAL],[SALES_REP_ID],[PROMOTION_ID])

    -- the execution plan showed the index was used

    Test on SQL Server 2008 on Windows 2003

  • Few Questions...

    1. How many records are there in the table?

    2. Why cant you have only order_total alone in the included and see the usage of index rather than giving all the columns?

    3. Attach the execution plan for analysis.

  • >> 1. How many records are there in the table?

    one million

    >> 2. Why cant you have only order_total alone .. ?

    either way, I got the same result... index is being used only when INCLUDED keyword is used

    >>3. Attach the execution plan for analysis.

    no way to add attachment here... if u wish, I can email it to u.

  • Depends on the selectivity of the predicate - what percentage of the rows the query returns.

    http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/Indexing/68636/

    http://sqlinthewild.co.za/index.php/2009/01/09/seek-or-scan/

    p.s. To attach, see the box right under the Post Reply text field. There's an 'Edit Attachments' button. Click that and you get a window that allows uploading of files.

    Gail Shaw
    Microsoft Certified Master: SQL Server, MVP, M.Sc (Comp Sci)
    SQL In The Wild: Discussions on DB performance with occasional diversions into recoverability

    We walk in the dark places no others will enter
    We stand on the bridge and no one may pass
  • Hi Gila,

    Thanks for the wonderful title. It was quite informative.

    One related question: is there a way to force the optimizer to use an index in a select statment?

  • You can force the index using option. However its not advicable to do so until you are very sure of the same. (I always believe SQL will do better job for us)

  • ahmed_b72 (9/5/2011)


    One related question: is there a way to force the optimizer to use an index in a select statment?

    Yes, there's a WITH (INDEX = <index name>) hint. However, unless you are 100% absolutely, completely, totally sure you know better than the optimiser, don't use them. I do SQL performance tuning for a variety of clients, I've used a with index hint once in 6 years.

    If you don't know what you're doing, or why SQL didn't chose the index itself, you're likely to make performance way worse, not better.

    Gail Shaw
    Microsoft Certified Master: SQL Server, MVP, M.Sc (Comp Sci)
    SQL In The Wild: Discussions on DB performance with occasional diversions into recoverability

    We walk in the dark places no others will enter
    We stand on the bridge and no one may pass
  • Thanks for the explanation.

    Have a good day.

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