UPDATE multiple columns - Are column values calculated and updated in order specified?

  • Hi,

    I know multiple columns can be updated in a single UPDATE statement like this:

    UPDATE t SET field1 = expr1, field2 = expr2

    Is there a guarantee that expr1 will be evaluated and assigned to field1 BEFORE expr2 is evaluated and assigned to field2?

    I would like to write something like this:

    UPDATE t SET field1 = CASE field2 > 7 THEN expr11 ELSE expr12 END, field2 = expr2

    The value I would like to assign to field1 should depend on the current value of field2 (i.e., before it is assigned expr2).

    Hope this question is clear.

    Thanks,

    Jamie

  • You can't do that - all of your field references will be to the situation as it was 'before update'.

    So you need to write things out in full rather than using your cascading logic.

    The absence of evidence is not evidence of absence
    - Martin Rees
    The absence of consumable DDL, sample data and desired results is, however, evidence of the absence of my response
    - Phil Parkin

  • Phil Parkin (8/1/2011)


    You can't do that - all of your field references will be to the situation as it was 'before update'.

    So you need to write things out in full rather than using your cascading logic.

    Are you 100% sure about that one ;-).

    DECLARE @demo TABLE (a int, b int)

    INSERT INTO @demo (

    a,

    b

    ) VALUES ( 0, 1)

    SELECT * FROM @demo

    UPDATE @demo SET a = b, b = a

    SELECT * FROM @demo

    a b

    ----------- -----------

    0 1

    a b

    ----------- -----------

    1 0

  • If all field values contain their original value (i.e., before the update), then that's exactly what I wanted to know. This is the guarantee I was looking for. Thank you!

  • Jamie Julius (8/1/2011)


    If all field values contain their original value (i.e., before the update), then that's exactly what I wanted to know. This is the guarantee I was looking for. Thank you!

    Just to make sure you read my previous message....

  • Your example also demonstrates that the fields hold their original values. Thanks. I just didn't know if this is something, which SQL guarantees or is implementation-dependent.

  • I'd still like a bol refference on this one. The optimizer is a tricky beast.

    Anyone has a link to says that the set statement is ALWAYS eveluated / executed from left to right?

  • Are you 100% sure about that one [Wink].

    I know you've been around here for a very long time and I hate to suggest that you are wrong, but how does your example contradict my post?

    The absence of evidence is not evidence of absence
    - Martin Rees
    The absence of consumable DDL, sample data and desired results is, however, evidence of the absence of my response
    - Phil Parkin

  • I think it does it always, otherwise "running total update" method wouldn't work.

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  • Ninja's_RGR'us (8/1/2011)


    I'd still like a bol refference on this one. The optimizer is a tricky beast.

    Anyone has a link to says that the set statement is ALWAYS eveluated / executed from left to right?

    That's not the point here.

    All that my post was intended to assert was that field references within an UPDATE statement reflect their before-UPDATE values.

    The absence of evidence is not evidence of absence
    - Martin Rees
    The absence of consumable DDL, sample data and desired results is, however, evidence of the absence of my response
    - Phil Parkin

  • Phil Parkin (8/1/2011)


    Are you 100% sure about that one [Wink].

    I know you've been around here for a very long time and I hate to suggest that you are wrong, but how does your example contradict my post?

    Please do point out errors. As this one clearly was in my assumptions.

    As previously said it pretty much proves your point instead of the contrary.

  • Phil Parkin (8/1/2011)


    Ninja's_RGR'us (8/1/2011)


    I'd still like a bol refference on this one. The optimizer is a tricky beast.

    Anyone has a link to says that the set statement is ALWAYS eveluated / executed from left to right?

    That's not the point here.

    All that my post was intended to assert was that field references within an UPDATE statement reflect their before-UPDATE values.

    I was thinking out loud. That's what it would take for me to call that as a rule rather than it seems to work that way. Maybe Jeff has more info on this!

  • A nice long discussion about this exact topic. Doesn't seem to have anything concluding tho :

    http://www.sqlservercentral.com/Forums/Topic1040684-2785-1.aspx

  • Ninja's_RGR'us (8/1/2011)


    A nice long discussion about this exact topic. Doesn't seem to have anything concluding tho :

    http://www.sqlservercentral.com/Forums/Topic1040684-2785-1.aspx

    As long as you're using bound columns within your update and not using double assignments I think you're in the clear. That said - the infamous "quirky update" used for running totals, etc... does seem to to show that the values end up being set in the order you put them in.

    create table #test1 (rid int, increment int, increment2 int)

    go

    insert #test1 (rid)

    values(1)

    go 50

    declare @fun int

    declare @fun1 int

    set @fun=0

    set @fun1=0

    update #test1

    set @fun=increment=@fun1+4,

    rid=rid+@fun,

    --increment=@fun,

    @fun1=@fun+1,

    increment2=@fun1

    select * from#test1 order by increment

    So - it's a bit more complicated, but still seems to line up with the initial explanation.

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