No, that's not possible. A restore would create the same files as the original database.
If you're short of disk space, you could consider using Red Gate's SQL Virtual Restore to mount the backup file as a database.
If you want to split the mdf file, I think you'll need to first restore the database, then create new filegroup(s), then move data from the primary filegroup to the new filegroup(s).
SQL BAK Explorer - read SQL Server backup file details without SQL Server.
Supports backup files created with SQL Server 2005 up to SQL Server 2017.