Based on what you say your backup is capturing, I don't think it's getting the filesystem.
On top of that, I'd expect a chance that even if the filesystem (including the database files) were being backed up, that there's a non-zero chance you'd run into problems attaching the MDF / LDF (in-flight transactions, etc.)
But, again, first problem is, it doesn't sound like the file system is getting backed up, only enough to get Windows back up and running.