January 25, 2008 at 12:52 pm
I am trying to use the sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats to get information on indexes that need to be reorganized/rebuilt. The problem is I can only get the query to work if the current database is 'master'. Here is the query:
SELECT
object_id AS objectid,
index_id AS indexid,
partition_number AS partitionnum,
avg_fragmentation_in_percent AS frag
INTO work_to_do
FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats (DB_ID(), NULL, NULL , NULL, 'LIMITED')
WHERE avg_fragmentation_in_percent > 10.0 AND index_id > 0;
If the current database is anything but master, I get 'Incorrect syntax near '('' in the FROM clause. What am I missing? Please help! Thanks.
January 25, 2008 at 12:58 pm
Hello Dan,
I'm able to execute the query other than "master" database without any errors.
Please check once at your end.
Thanks
Lucky
January 25, 2008 at 1:06 pm
Lucky,
Thanks for responding so quickly. It doesn't seem to matter what I do; if the current database is not master, no go. I just closed out SSMS and reopened it with a new query (no project etc.) and got the same results.
January 26, 2008 at 5:52 am
What compatibility level are the databases you're trying to execute in? They need to be 9.0 for DMVs to work.
Also, use DB_ID ('DatabaseYouAreIn') instead of DB_ID ().
That should sort you out.
Paul Randal
CEO, SQLskills.com: Check out SQLskills online training!
Blog:www.SQLskills.com/blogs/paul Twitter: @PaulRandal
SQL MVP, Microsoft RD, Contributing Editor of TechNet Magazine
Author of DBCC CHECKDB/repair (and other Storage Engine) code of SQL Server 2005
January 28, 2008 at 6:13 am
Thanks Paul! It's the compatibility level; this database was created with the compatibility level set at 80, probably because it was "imported" from SQL 2000. The original database was designed out of an Access project, and then imported from 2000 to 2005 by the VB developer when he took over the program. I've kind of "inherited" the dBA position and I'm just now starting to realize all the problems with this database, like tables with no keys and no indexes - BIG tables with no keys and no indexes! Anyway, I thank you for solving this problem for me; it was driving me nuts!
January 28, 2008 at 6:24 am
You're welcome. Checkout Kimberly's and my blogs for a ton of info that should help you. We're also doing a full-day workshop on 'Accidental DBA' at SQL Connections in the Spring you may be interested in - http://www.sqlconnections.com for details.
Cheers
Paul Randal
CEO, SQLskills.com: Check out SQLskills online training!
Blog:www.SQLskills.com/blogs/paul Twitter: @PaulRandal
SQL MVP, Microsoft RD, Contributing Editor of TechNet Magazine
Author of DBCC CHECKDB/repair (and other Storage Engine) code of SQL Server 2005
January 29, 2008 at 10:56 am
Dan,
I have inherited many Access upgrades myself and found that they also have no keys and no indexes and performance was almost never good. I wanted to point you to a couple of things you could do to help both with query performance (also assuming no stored procedures) and with adding indexes that will require a min of effort i.e work smarter not harder.
Look into using force auto-parameterization for the database this will improve query performance on the database side; there are caveats so make sure you read more about that here http://www.sql-server-performance.com/articles/per/forced_parameterization_p1.aspx.
Right click on database> properties> on the left hand side choose Options > scroll down to the Miscellaneous section and change parameterization to Forced.
Second thing to do is figure out which indexes the database really needs. Personally I find the the index tuning wizard time consuming and it is not the best thing to use in a situation where you either have no time or no one is breathing down your neck about performance.
What you want to do is pull the data from the missing index dmv and the script below will do this for you by creating a database called AUTOINDEXRECS that polls the missing index dmv and sucks in the info which leaves you to come back at a later time and look at the table to determine what indexes you need to create, and which can be dropped, and on what tables. You need to have sa permission to do this. This comes from the query team at microsoft and you should download the .zip here http://blogs.msdn.com/queryoptteam/archive/2006/06/01/613516.aspx.
I found it on Paul's former storage engine blog.
Also be aware of what your database use is. I have had listserv DB's that run every other week in the middle of the night that it recommended indexes for but because of the low usage I could not justify the additional space for the index.
When you query the recommendation table the results will look like the following:
CREATE INDEX _MS_Sys_1 ON [Database_name].[dbo].[tbl_name]([ResponseID]) INCLUDE ([ResponseText])
This is without a doubt the best tuning tool for a database server, works wonders in OLAP environments where you don't know what the reports are going to be before hand, and I am baffled why this is not more widely known.
--Dave
/****************************************************************************
// Copyright (c) 2005 Microsoft Corporation.
//
// @File: AutoIndex.sql
//
// @test-2:
//
// Purpose:
// Auto create or drop indexes
//
// Notes:
//
//
// @EndHeader@
*****************************************************************************/
CREATE DATABASE AUTOINDEXRECS
go
USE AUTOINDEXRECS
go
-- Table to store recommendations
IF object_id(N'dbo.recommendations', N'U') IS NOT NULL
DROP table [dbo].[recommendations]
GO
create table [dbo].[recommendations]
(
id int IDENTITY primary key,
recommendation nvarchar(400),
type char(2),
initial_time datetime,
latest_time datetime,
[count] int,
status nvarchar(20)
)
GO
-- Table to store recommendation history
IF object_id(N'dbo.recommendations_history', N'U') IS NOT NULL
DROP table [dbo].[recommendations_history]
GO
create table [dbo].[recommendations_history]
(
id int,
operation nvarchar(20),
time datetime,
db_user_name sysname,
login_name sysname
)
GO
-- Table to store index recommendations details
IF object_id(N'dbo.recommendations_details_index', N'U') IS NOT NULL
DROP table [dbo].[recommendations_details_index]
GO
create table [dbo].[recommendations_details_index]
(
id int,
database_id int,
table_id int,
table_modify_time datetime
)
GO
------------------------- add_recommendation_history ----------------------------------------------------
------ SP for adding a recommendation into the recommendations_history table.
IF OBJECT_ID (N'dbo.add_recommendation_history', N'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROC [dbo].[add_recommendation_history];
GO
create procedure [dbo].[add_recommendation_history]
@id int,
@operation nvarchar(20),
@time datetime
AS
BEGIN
declare @db_user_name sysname
select @db_user_name = CURRENT_USER
declare @login_name sysname
select @login_name = SUSER_SNAME()
insert into recommendations_history values (@id, @operation, @time, @db_user_name, @login_name)
END
go
------------------------- add_recommendation----------------------------------------------------
------ SP for inserting a new recommendation into the dbo.RECOMMENDATIONS table.
------ If the same entry already exists, it just changes latest_create_date to the latest time
------ and increase the count by one
IF OBJECT_ID (N'dbo.add_recommendation', N'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROC [dbo].[add_recommendation];
GO
create procedure [dbo].[add_recommendation]
@recommendation nvarchar(max),
@type_desc char(2),
@id int OUTPUT
AS
BEGIN
declare @create_date datetime
set @create_date = getdate()
IF ( @recommendation not in
(select recommendation from dbo.recommendations))
BEGIN
insert into dbo.recommendations values
(@recommendation, @type_desc, @create_date, @create_date, 1, N'Active')
select @id = @@identity
-- add it into the recommendation history
exec [dbo].[add_recommendation_history] @id, N'ADD', @create_date
return 0
END
ELSE
BEGIN
select @id = id
from dbo.recommendations
where @recommendation = recommendation
update dbo.recommendations
set latest_time = @create_date,
[count] = [count] +1
where id = @id
-- add it into the recommendation history
exec [dbo].[add_recommendation_history] @id, N'UPDATE', @create_date
return 10
END
END
go
------------------------- disable_recommendation----------------------------------------------------
------ SP for disabling a recommendation in the RECOMMENDATIONS table.
IF OBJECT_ID (N'dbo.disable_recommendation', N'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROC [dbo].[disable_recommendation];
GO
create procedure [dbo].[disable_recommendation]
@id int
AS
BEGIN
BEGIN TRANSACTION xDisableRecommendation
declare @create_date datetime
set @create_date = getdate()
update recommendations
set status = N'Inactive'
where id = @id
-- add it into the recommendation history
exec [dbo].[add_recommendation_history] @id, N'DISABLE', @create_date
DECLARE @Error int
SET @Error = @@ERROR
IF @Error <> 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION xDisableRecommendation
RETURN @Error
END
COMMIT TRANSACTION xDisableRecommendation
END
go
------------------------- enable_recommendation----------------------------------------------------
------ SP for enabling a recommendation in the RECOMMENDATIONS table.
IF OBJECT_ID (N'dbo.enable_recommendation', N'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROC [dbo].[enable_recommendation];
GO
create procedure [dbo].[enable_recommendation]
@id int
AS
BEGIN
BEGIN TRANSACTION xEnableRecommendation
declare @create_date datetime
set @create_date = getdate()
update recommendations
set status = N'Active'
where id = @id
-- add it into the recommendation history
exec [dbo].[add_recommendation_history] @id, N'ENABLE', @create_date
DECLARE @Error int
SET @Error = @@ERROR
IF @Error <> 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION xEnableRecommendation
RETURN @Error
END
COMMIT TRANSACTION xEnableRecommendation
END
go
------------------------- execute_recommendation----------------------------------------------------
------ SP for executing a recommendation in the RECOMMENDATIONS table.
IF OBJECT_ID (N'dbo.execute_recommendation', N'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROC [dbo].[execute_recommendation];
GO
create procedure [dbo].[execute_recommendation]
@id int
AS
BEGIN
declare @recommendation nvarchar(max)
declare @status nvarchar(20)
-- exec the recommendation
select @recommendation = recommendation, @status = status
from [recommendations]
where id = @id
-- check recommendation status
if (@status = 'Inactive')
begin
print N'Error: Recommendation ' + cast ( @id as nvarchar(10)) + ' is Inactive. Change the status to Active before execution'
return 1
end
-- check whether the schema has changed for the table
declare @database_id int
declare @object_id int
declare @stored_modify_date datetime
select @database_id = database_id, @object_id = table_id, @stored_modify_date = table_modify_time
from [dbo].[recommendations_details_index]
where id = @id
declare @database_name sysname
select @database_name = db_name(@database_id)
-- create temporary table to store the current table schema version
create table [#tabSchema] ( modify_date datetime)
truncate table [#tabSchema]
declare @exec_stmt nvarchar(4000)
select @exec_stmt =
'use '+ @database_name +
'; insert [#tabSchema] select modify_date from sys.objects where object_id = ' + cast ( @object_id as nvarchar(10))
--print @exec_stmt
EXEC (@exec_stmt)
declare @modify_date datetime
select @modify_date = modify_date from #tabSchema
if (object_id('[#tabSchema]') is not null)
begin
drop table [#tabSchema]
end
if (@modify_date > @stored_modify_date)
begin
print N'Error: Recommendation ' + cast ( @id as nvarchar(10)) + ' might be invalid since the schema on the table has changed since the recommendation was made'
return 1
end
declare @create_date datetime
set @create_date = getdate()
BEGIN TRANSACTION xExecuteRecommendation
exec (@recommendation)
-- add it into the recommendation history
exec [dbo].[add_recommendation_history] @id, N'EXECUTE', @create_date
DECLARE @Error int
SET @Error = @@ERROR
IF @Error <> 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION xExecuteRecommendation
RETURN @Error
END
COMMIT TRANSACTION xExecuteRecommendation
END
go
------------------------- add_recommendation_details_index ----------------------------------------------------
------ SP for adding index recommendation details into the recommendations_details_index table.
IF OBJECT_ID (N'dbo.add_recommendation_details_index', N'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROC [dbo].[add_recommendation_details_index];
GO
create procedure [dbo].[add_recommendation_details_index]
@id int,
@database_id int,
@table_id int
AS
BEGIN
declare @database_name sysname
select @database_name = db_name(@database_id)
-- create temporary table to store the current table schema version
create table [#tabSchemaVer] ( modify_date datetime)
truncate table [#tabSchemaVer]
declare @exec_stmt nvarchar(4000)
select @exec_stmt =
'use '+ @database_name +
'; insert [#tabSchemaVer] select modify_date from sys.objects where object_id = ' + cast ( @table_id as nvarchar(10))
--print @exec_stmt
EXEC (@exec_stmt)
declare @tabVer datetime
select @tabVer = modify_date from #tabSchemaVer
insert into recommendations_details_index values (@id,@database_id, @table_id, @tabVer)
if (object_id('[#tabSchemaVer]') is not null)
begin
drop table [#tabSchemaVer]
end
END
go
---------------------------- auto_create_index ------------------------------
IF OBJECT_ID (N'dbo.auto_create_index', N'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROC [dbo].[auto_create_index];
GO
create procedure [dbo].[auto_create_index]
as
-- NOTE: This sp will create indexes recommended by the Missing Index DMVs.
--
set nocount on
-- required for creating index on ICC/IVs
set ansi_warnings on
set ansi_padding on
set arithabort on
set concat_null_yields_null on
set numeric_roundabort off
declare @exec_stmt nvarchar(4000)
declare @table_name nvarchar(521)
declare @column_name sysname
declare @column_usage varchar(20)
declare @column_id smallint
declare @index_handle int
declare @database_id int
declare @object_id int
-- find the top 5 indexes with maximum total improvent
declare ms_cri_tnames cursor local static for
Select Top 5 mid.database_id, mid.object_id, mid.statement as table_name, mig.index_handle as index_handle
from
(
select
(user_seeks+user_scans) * avg_total_user_cost * (avg_user_impact * 0.01) as index_advantage, migs.*
from sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats migs
) as migs_adv,
sys.dm_db_missing_index_groups mig,
sys.dm_db_missing_index_details mid
where
migs_adv.group_handle = mig.index_group_handle and
mig.index_handle = mid.index_handle
and migs_adv.index_advantage > 10
order by migs_adv.index_advantage DESC
-- create temporary table to store the table names on which we just auto created indexes
create table #tablenametab
( table_name nvarchar(521) collate database_default
)
truncate table #tablenametab
open ms_cri_tnames
fetch next from ms_cri_tnames into @database_id, @object_id, @table_name, @index_handle
--print @table_name
while (@@fetch_status <> -1)
begin
-- don't auto create index on same table again
-- UNDONE: we may try to filter out local temp table in the future
if (@table_name not in (select table_name from #tablenametab ))
begin
-- these are all columns on which we are going to auto create indexes
declare ms_cri_cnames cursor local for
select column_id, quotename(column_name,'['), column_usage
from sys.dm_db_missing_index_columns(@index_handle)
-- now go over all columns for the index to-be-created and
-- construct the create index statement
open ms_cri_cnames
fetch next from ms_cri_cnames into @column_id, @column_name, @column_usage
declare @index_name sysname
declare @include_column_list nvarchar(517)
declare @key_list nvarchar(517)
select @index_name = '_MS_Sys'
select @key_list = ''
select @include_column_list = ''
declare @num_keys smallint
declare @num_include_columns smallint
select @num_keys = 0
select @num_include_columns = 0
while @@fetch_status >= 0
begin
-- construct index name, key list and include column list during the loop
-- Index Name in the format: _MS_Sys_colid1_colid2_..._colidn
if (@column_usage = 'INCLUDE')
begin
if (@num_include_columns = 0)
select @include_column_list = @column_name
else
select @include_column_list = @include_column_list + ', ' +@column_name
select @num_include_columns = @num_include_columns + 1
end
else
begin
if (@num_keys = 0)
select @key_list = @column_name
else
select @key_list = @key_list + ', ' +@column_name
select @num_keys = @num_keys + 1
select @index_name = @index_name + '_'+cast ( @column_id as nvarchar(10))
end
fetch next from ms_cri_cnames into @column_id, @column_name, @column_usage
end
close ms_cri_cnames
deallocate ms_cri_cnames
--print @index_name
--print @table_name
--print @key_list
--print @include_column_list
-- construct create index statement
-- "CREATE INDEX @INDEX_NAME ON @TABLE_NAME (KEY_NAME1, KEY_NAME2, ...) INCLUDE (INCLUDE_COL_NAME1, INCLUDE_COL_NAME2, ...) WITH (ONLINE = ON)" (Note: for recommendation mode, we don't use online option)
if (@num_include_columns > 0)
select @exec_stmt = 'CREATE INDEX ' + @index_name + ' ON ' + @table_name + '(' + @key_list + ') INCLUDE ('+ @include_column_list + ')'-- WITH (ONLINE = ON)'
else
select @exec_stmt = 'CREATE INDEX ' + @index_name + ' ON ' + @table_name + '(' + @key_list + ')'-- WITH (ONLINE = ON)'
--print @exec_stmt
declare @id int
declare @create_date datetime
BEGIN TRANSACTION xAddCreateIdxRecommendation
DECLARE @result int;
EXEC @result = dbo.add_recommendation @exec_stmt, 'CI', @id OUT
if (@result <> 10)
EXEC dbo.add_recommendation_details_index @id, @database_id, @object_id
DECLARE @Error int
SET @Error = @@ERROR
IF @Error <> 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION xAddCreateIdxRecommendation
RETURN @Error
END
COMMIT TRANSACTION xAddCreateIdxRecommendation
--EXEC (@exec_stmt)
-- insert the table name into #tablenametab
insert into #tablenametab values (@table_name)
end
fetch next from ms_cri_tnames into @database_id, @object_id, @table_name, @index_handle
end
deallocate ms_cri_tnames
return(0) -- auto_create_index
go
---------------------------- sp_autodropindex ------------------------------
IF OBJECT_ID (N'dbo.auto_drop_index', N'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROC [dbo].[auto_drop_index];
GO
create procedure [dbo].[auto_drop_index]
as
-- NOTE: This sp will drop indexes that are automatically created and
-- are no longer very useful in a cost efficient manner based on feedbacks
-- from index usage DMVs.
set nocount on
declare @database_id int
declare @object_id int
declare @index_id int
declare ms_drpi_iids cursor local static for
Select Top 3 database_id, object_id, index_id
from sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats
where user_updates > 10 * (user_seeks+user_scans)
and index_id > 1
order by user_updates / (user_seeks+user_scans+1) DESC
open ms_drpi_iids
fetch next from ms_drpi_iids into @database_id, @object_id, @index_id
-- create temporary table to store the table name and index name
create table #tabIdxnametab
(
table_name nvarchar(1000) collate database_default,
index_name nvarchar(521) collate database_default
)
while (@@fetch_status >= 0)
begin
declare @exec_stmt nvarchar(4000)
declare @database_name sysname
select @database_name = db_name(@database_id)
truncate table #tabIdxnametab
-- insert the table name and index name into the temp table
select @exec_stmt =
'use '+ @database_name + ';'+
'insert #tabIdxnametab select quotename(''' + @database_name+''', ''['')+ ''.'' +quotename(schema_name(o.schema_id), ''['')+''.''+quotename(o.name,''['') , i.name
from sys.objects o, sys.indexes i where o.type = ''U'' and o.is_ms_shipped = 0 and i.is_primary_key = 0 and i.is_unique_constraint = 0 and o.object_id =' + cast ( @object_id as nvarchar(10))+' and o.object_id = i.object_id and index_id = '+ cast ( @index_id as nvarchar(10))
--print @exec_stmt
EXEC (@exec_stmt)
-- get the table_name and index_name
declare @table_name nvarchar(1000)
declare @index_name sysname
select @table_name = table_name, @index_name = index_name from #tabIdxnametab
--use name convention to recognize auto-created indexes for now
--in the future, we will add a special bit inside metadata to distinguish
--if (substring(@index_name, 1, 8) = '_MS_Sys_')
--begin
-- construct drop index statement
-- "DROP INDEX @TABLE_NAME.@INDEX_NAME"
--select @exec_stmt = 'drop index '+@index_name+' on '+@table_name
--print @exec_stmt
--EXEC (@exec_stmt)
--end
--else
--print 'User Index: '+@table_name + '.'+ @index_name
IF (@index_name IS NOT NULL)
begin
select @exec_stmt = 'drop index '+@index_name+' on '+@table_name
declare @id int
declare @create_date datetime
BEGIN TRANSACTION xAddDropIdxRecommendation
DECLARE @result int;
EXEC @result = dbo.add_recommendation @exec_stmt, 'DI', @id out
if (@result <> 10)
EXEC dbo.add_recommendation_details_index @id, @database_id, @object_id
DECLARE @Error int
SET @Error = @@ERROR
IF @Error <> 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION xAddDropIdxRecommendation
RETURN @Error
END
COMMIT TRANSACTION xAddDropIdxRecommendation
end
fetch next from ms_drpi_iids into @database_id, @object_id, @index_id
end
if (object_id('[#tabIdxnametab]') is not null)
begin
drop table [#tabIdxnametab]
end
deallocate ms_drpi_iids
return(0) -- auto_drop_index
go
--
-- JOBs for Executing [auto_create_index] and [auto_drop_index]
--
DECLARE @jobId BINARY(16)
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_job
@job_name=N'SQL MDW: Auto Index Management',
@job_id = @jobId OUTPUT
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobstep
@job_name=N'SQL MDW: Auto Index Management',
@step_name=N'Auto Create Index',
@step_id=1,
@subsystem=N'TSQL',
@command=N'EXECUTE [dbo].[auto_create_index]',
@on_success_action = 3, -- on success, go to next step
@database_name=N'AUTOINDEXRECS'
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobstep
@job_name=N'SQL MDW: Auto Index Management',
@step_name=N'Auto Drop Index',
@step_id=2,
@subsystem=N'TSQL',
@command=N'EXECUTE [dbo].[auto_drop_index]',
@database_name=N'AUTOINDEXRECS'
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobserver
@job_name=N'SQL MDW: Auto Index Management'
GO
DECLARE @schedule_id int
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_schedule
@schedule_name = N'SQL MDW: Auto Index Management' ,
@freq_type = 4, -- daily
@freq_interval = 1, -- every day
@freq_subday_type = 4, -- subday interval in minutes
@freq_subday_interval = 30, -- every 30 minutes
@schedule_id = @schedule_id OUTPUT
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_attach_schedule
@job_name=N'SQL MDW: Auto Index Management',
@schedule_id = @schedule_id
go
January 29, 2008 at 12:10 pm
Thanks Dave. I agree with your comment on the index tuning wizard. I ran it once; it recommended a clustered index that covered about ten columns on a table that has 44 columns. I tried it just for kicks and it did seem to help some, but it needed rebuilt constantly as this table is INSERTed and UPDATEed frequently. I ended up dropping that index and replacing it with one that just used two columns that are more natural. The script looks good; I look forward to trying it out. Thanks again.
January 30, 2008 at 8:59 am
I have had similar issue with a database in 8.0 compatibility mode. When I specified the database id the query worked ok for me.
January 30, 2008 at 10:34 am
Thanks Erich, that worked. Actually, I had to replace the DB_ID function with the literal value of the database id and voila! It works! Thanks again.
February 1, 2008 at 10:29 am
Hi,
Is there a version of AutoIndex.sql for SQL Server 2000? I tried to run this and was getting errors in 2000.
thanks
Mitch
February 1, 2008 at 12:03 pm
Mitch,
No such luck out of the box for 2000. The autoindex solution relies on the system dynamic managment views which were new additions to 2005.
However, in theory you could try the following:
1. Replicate your 2000 database in 2005
2. Use profiler on your 2000 database to create a trace file where you exclude system IDs by excluding all object ids less than 100
AND
Set the databasename only to the database you are interested in
AND
remove sp_% from the trace.
3. Save trace to a file using trace queue
4. In your duplicate 2005 version make sure your database is set at compatability level 90 and that you have the autoindex solution installed on the database server<- you will see this as its own seperate database.
5. Replay the trace file in 2005 >see http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189604.aspx
6. Analyze the results in the autoindex.recommendations table and apply to you 2000 instance.
I have not tried this so I don't know where the gotcha's are but at least on paper this should be a viable solution.
Also check out this very helpful webcast from MS on profiler use in 2000 most of which still applies to 2005 as well.
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;325263
Hope this work for you,
--Dave
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