Yes this is possible vis sp_binddefault (not via design mode , TSQL only).
But - word of warning, this will be removed in a future release of sql-server.
If you wanted to ensure a default matched across multiple columns for design mode..
Create a function - which returns the default value.
Put in for the default value: "fn_name()" for the columns required.
This will then ensure you can get the same values back for those columns.
In terms of linking to a default value on another column, this is not possible directly (but would be possible via a user created function).