The simple answer is NO. The more detailed answer is that it can be done if you place the table in it's own file group and then just backup the file group separately.
On a normalized database I would rather do a full backup than try to piece together a backup one file at a time. It would just be too easy to get your data out of sync IMHO.
Gary Johnson
Microsoft Natural Language Group
DBA, Sr. DB Engineer
This posting is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, and confers no rights. The opinions expressed in this post are my own and may not reflect that of my employer.